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23 maggio 2012  



  • Letture - Libri - Classici
  • Jane Eyre
di Valeria Roscioni


Mentre la nuova versione cinematografica è ancora avvolta dal mistero, vale la pena interrogare le pagine di questo classico per riscoprire la vera Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre

Quanto se ne sapeva di psicologia, commistione tra generi e femminismo nel 1847? Se si considera Jane Eyre, brillante e celebre opera di Charlotte Brontë pubblicata proprio in questa data, si potrebbe quasi rispondere: “molto anche se non tutto”. Dietro un romanzo apparentemente in pieno stile vittoriano si nasconde, come spesso in quel secolo, una trama che racconta molto di quello che le parole che la compongono non possono o forse ancora non sanno dire.
Jane Eyre inzia come Cenerentola, con la piccola Jane in balia della perfidia della zia e dei cugini prima, e della rigida intransigenza della Lowood School poi. Ma la piccina, per altro descritta come esageratamente esile e non esattamente graziosa, riesce a sopravvivere ad angherie e dispiaceri e a partire, armata solo del suo buon senso e della sua istruzione, per la lontana e misteriosa Thornfield Hall, castello degno dei migliori racconti dell’orrore, di proprietà del Signor Rochester, nobile dal carattere burbero e dalla fisicità imponente che le affida le cure della sua graziosa ma frivola figlioletta adottiva: Adele. Il racconto allora cambia favola e si trasforma in una versione gotica de La Bella e la Bestia dove l’elemento del mistero si palesa sempre più insinuando nella favola antica una sorta di ansia moderna alimentata, forse creata, dalla stessa Jane, voce narrante di questa per l'epoca inusuale autobiografia perfettamente in grado di mescolare gli stili e disattendere la aspettative. Thornfield è oscura e lugubre e il suo padrone nasconde un mistero a cui fanno eco antichi saloni, passeggiate a cavallo, spaventosi rumori in soffita e, soprattutto, quella strana abitudine di Jane, essere umano riflessivo, intelligente e nient'affatto vanesio, di specchiarsi, non per controllare l’acconciatura ma per conoscersi, o meglio riconoscersi in un’immagine che dovrebbe riflettere la donna che mostra di essere ma che in qualche modo riesce a gettare un spiraglio di luce sui tumulti che animano la donna che effettivamente è.
La domanda sottesa a tutta la parte centrale del libro è un Chi sono io? che vive e prende forma tra la paura dei fantasmi e i rumori della soffitta trasformandosi in un più esplicito e facilmente narrabile: Cosa nasconde l’ultimo piano del castello?
L’ultimo piano del castello nasconde Bertha, personaggio secondario ma centrale, prima moglie del Signor Rochester, impazzita, preda dei più barbari e bassi impulsi e quindi reclusa, celata, perfino negata e non semplicemente rinnegata. Ma Bertha, proprio quella Bertha a cui il Novecento dedicherà tanta attenzione a partire dal libro Il grande mare dei Sargassi somiglia troppo al lato che Jane si ostina a reprimere per non potervi riconoscere un'ufficiale comparsa del tema del doppio ben prima che Robert Louis Stevenson si aggiudicasse il titolo di antesignano di Froid con il suo Lo strano caso del dottor Jekyll e del signor Hyde, che però arriverà solo nel 1886; d’altro canto, Stevenson era un uomo e il suo romanzo non venne mai considerato semplicemente una storia d’amore ben scritta e appassionante. Jane che come Bertha cammina avanti e indietro nella sua camera al penultimo piano, la stessa Jane che al primo piano è una perfetta istitutrice ma fa fatica a riconoscersi nello specchio anche, o forse soprattutto, dopo aver ricevuto una delle dichiarazioni d’amore più toccanti e inusuali che la storia della letteratura inglese abbia mai udito: Voi… voi, piccolo essere strano e quasi non terreno! È voi che amo come la mia stessa carne. E a voi… povera e oscura, piccola e semplice come siete… rivolgo la preghiera di accettarmi come marito.
Così parla il Signor Rochester, ormai trasformato in principe dal cuore d’oro e dalla caparbia intelligenza della sua dipendente; sono parole che colpiranno quella cratura ultraterrena che non lo sposerà perché Bertha, il suo doppio, impedirà le nozze. La complessità di una donna non poteva risolversi in un matrimonio neanche sotto il regno della benpensante Regina Vittoria e quindi la favola si fa romanzo di formazione, racconto gotico, e molto altro agli occhi di chi saprà andare oltre un semplice parallelo tra la vita della Brontë e quella del suo personaggio.
Solo quando il suo percorso da romanzo di formazione sarà completo, l’elemento magico riporterà Jane verso Thornfield e soprattutto verso un lieto fine dal sapore un po’ amaro, così realistico, così immune dallo scorrere del tempo.
Inutile persino specificarlo: Jane e Charlotte, nonstante il corsetto, la crinolina e l’acconciatura, sono una di noi.





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